Method and device for detecting a dysfunction of an ulatrasonic flowmeter

ABSTRACT

A method for detecting malfunctions in a flowmeter includes the measuring of the receive signal V IN  output by a transducer. A characteristic of the receive signal is compared to a predetermined reference characteristic V REF  and the peak voltage V PK  of the receive signal is stored. An alarm signal V AL  is generated when a trigger characteristic V DEC  of the receive signal is less than the predetermined reference characteristic. A threshold voltage V TH  is defined, proportional to the peak amplitude V PK  of the receive signal in such a manner that V TH =K×V PK  where K is a factor depending on the transducer. The receive signal is compared with the threshold voltage and a conditioned output signal V OUT  is generated in a first state when the receive signal is greater than the threshold voltage, and in a second state when the receive signal is less than the threshold voltage.

The invention relates to a method and apparatus for detecting malfunction such as clogging or aging of a flowmeter including at least one transducer, and serving also to generate a conditioned signal based on an analog signal from said transducer.

The invention is applicable in measurement systems where accuracy depends on a magnitude which, although not metrological, must remain within a certain range in order to ensure that the measurement system operates properly. By way of example, in the field of measuring the flow rate of a fluid such as gas or water, for example, ultrasound flowmeters can be used. Such flowmeters generally comprise two ultrasound transducers disposed in a flow of fluid. In use, the transducers alternate between acting as an emitter and as a receiver. In order to measure the propagation time of a sound wave between the two transducers, one known method consists in exciting the emitter transducer with an excitation pulse. That pulse causes the emitter transducer to emit an ultrasound wave into the medium between the two transducers. The wave propagates towards the receiver transducer. The method consists in detecting the first oscillation of said wave on its arrival at the receiver transducer. The propagation time is then the time between the instant at which the emitter transducer is subjected to the excitation pulse and the instant at which the first oscillation of the wave reaching the receiver transducer is detected. The method consists in detecting the first oscillation of the wave by detecting when a voltage threshold is crossed. That method makes it necessary firstly to detect very low voltage levels, and secondly to have accurate control over the trigger threshold of the device for detecting the arrival of an oscillation so as to avoid introducing a delay in measuring the propagation time. When propagating through a fluid that is flowing, ultrasound waves take different lengths of time to propagate between the two transducers respectively in the upstream direction and in the downstream direction, and the flow rate of the fluid can be calculated from this difference. The two transducers are associated with an electronic circuit. The circuit controls the transducers and analyzes the analog signals delivered by the receiver transducer. One such device is described in greater detail in patent EP 0 426 309. Although the amplitude of the analog signal output by the receiver transducer is not a parameter that is required for computing flow rate, this magnitude must nevertheless present some minimum value in order to ensure that the electronic system associated with the transducers operates properly and in order to guarantee some minimum level of accuracy in flow rate measurement.

A problem that is frequently encountered with flowmeters of that type is that they become clogged up by particles entrained in the flowing fluid. In particular, these particles deposit on all of the “hydraulic” portions of the flowmeter, for example on the active surfaces of the transducers and/or on the mirrors for modifying the path followed by waves within the fluid. Such clogging inevitably attenuates the waves that are transmitted and thus decreases the amplitude of the signal delivered by the receiver transducer. When clogging becomes extreme, the electronic system malfunctions since it is no longer able to process the analog signal output by the receiver transducer. Until now, this problem has been solved by dismantling and verifying the amount of clogging inside the flowmeter after some determined length of time. Naturally, such a solution presents a significant maintenance cost and is not satisfactory insofar as flowmeter clogging depends on the quality and the type of the impurities present in the flowing fluid.

An object of the invention is to mitigate those drawbacks by implementing a method and a device for detecting malfunction such as clogging or aging in an ultrasound flowmeter, said flowmeter having at least one transducer, and said method also making it possible to generate a conditioned signal on the basis of an analog signal coming from said transducer. Such a method and device make it possible to warn the user or the maintenance team that it is necessary to clean the flowmeter if it is becoming clogged or to replace it if it is aging.

Another object of the invention is to servo-control certain parameters of the electronic system in order to increase the operating range of said electronic system.

In the invention, these objects are achieved by a method comprising the following steps:

measuring the receive signal V_(IN) output by the transducer; and

comparing a characteristic of the receive signal with a predetermined reference characteristic V_(REF);

said method being characterized in that it comprises the following additional steps:

storing a peak voltage V_(PK) of the receive signal V_(IN);

generating an alarm signal V_(AL) when a trigger characteristic V_(DEC) of the receive signal V_(IN) is less than the predetermined reference characteristic V_(REF);

defining a threshold voltage V_(TH) proportional to the peak amplitude V_(PK) of the receive signal in such a manner that V_(TH)=K×V_(PK), K being a factor depending on the transducer;

comparing the receive signal V_(IN) with the threshold voltage V_(TH); and

generating a conditioned output signal V_(OUT) in a first state when the receive signal V_(IN) is greater than the threshold voltage V_(TH), and in a second state when the receive signal V_(IN) is less than the threshold voltage V_(TH).

In a first variant implementation, the reference characteristic V_(REF) is a voltage, and the trigger characteristic V_(DEC) is the peak voltage V_(PK) of the receive signal V_(IN).

In a second variant implementation, the reference characteristic V_(REF) is a derivative of voltage, and the trigger characteristic V_(DEC) is a derivative of the peak voltage V_(PK) of the receive signal V_(IN).

An advantage of this method of detecting malfunction lies in the fact that the receive signal V_(IN) output by the transducer is used simultaneously for generating the alarm signal V_(AL), the conditioned output signal V_(OUT), and for defining the threshold voltage V_(TH).

The device comprises:

a transducer delivering a receive signal V_(IN); and

a conditioning circuit (1) for conditioning the receive signal and comprising an input IN connected to the transducer, and an output OUT delivering a conditioned output signal V_(OUT);

the conditioning circuit comprising:

a selector (10) having its input connected to the input IN, and receiving the value of the predetermined reference voltage V_(REF), said selector delivering at its output a threshold voltage V_(TH) that is servo-controlled to the receive signal V_(IN), and at its output AL a malfunction detection signal V_(AL) whenever the peak amplitude of the receive signal V_(PK) is below a predetermined reference voltage V_(REF); and

a comparator (20) having a first input connected to the input IN receiving the receive signal V_(IN) and a second input connected to the selector receiving the threshold voltage V_(TH), an output of the comparator constituting the output OUT of the conditioning circuit generating a conditioned output signal V_(OUT) having a first state when the amplitude of the receive signal is greater than the value of the threshold voltage, and a second state when the amplitude of the receive signal is less than the value of the threshold voltage V_(Th).

Thus, by using a modulatable threshold voltage V_(TH) it is possible to extend the operating range of the electronics significantly relative to the amplitude of the receive signals and compared with using a fixed comparison threshold.

In addition, the servo-control performed in this way on the threshold voltage V_(TH) enables propagation time measurements to be made from the second or third oscillation of the receive signal, and that cannot be envisaged with a fixed threshold that is not servo-controlled to the peak voltage V_(PK).

By way of example, the output signal AL is in a second state providing the entire measurement system is operating correctly. As soon as a malfunction is detected, the output signal AL switches into a first state corresponding to issuing the signal V_(AL) indicating that malfunction has been detected. Alternatively, the malfunction detection signal can be a pulse, or a succession of pulses emitted over a determined length of time.

The reference voltage V_(REF) is initially selected to be equal to a first reference voltage V_(REF1). The reference voltage V_(REF1) is selected in such a manner that the alarm signal is generated before the transducer ceases to deliver any receive signal. Thereafter, i.e. as soon as a first alarm signal V_(AL) has been generated, the reference voltage V_(REF) is modified and is selected to be equal to a second reference voltage V_(REF2), the second reference voltage V_(REF2) being lower than the first reference voltage V_(REF1) so that a second alarm signal is generated when the transducer ceases to deliver any receive signal.

Thus, using a modulatable reference voltage V_(REF) makes it possible to issue an alarm signal before the signal output by the transducer has become completely unusable. Furthermore, the receive signal remains sufficient for the device as a whole to continue operating until the second alarm is issued, while allowing for the necessary measures to be taken to repair, clean, or change the measuring device.

Other advantages and characteristics of the invention appear on reading the following description given by way of example and made with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the malfunction detector device in a first embodiment of the invention, without any processing of the offset voltage;

FIG. 1A is a block diagram of the malfunction detector device of FIG. 1, in an analog variant;

FIG. 1B is a block diagram of the malfunction detector device of FIG. 1, in a digital variant;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the malfunction detector device in a second embodiment of the invention, with processing of the offset voltage;

FIG. 2A is a block diagram of the malfunction detector device of FIG. 2 in an analog variant;

FIG. 2B is a block diagram of the malfunction detector device of FIG. 2 in a digital variant;

FIG. 3 shows the receive signal V_(IN) together with the output signal; and

FIG. 4 shows the succession of steps in the method of detecting malfunction in accordance with the invention, and including processing of the offset voltage.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a device of the invention comprises a conditioning circuit 1 connected in conventional manner to a transducer (not shown) via an input IN and to an ASIC (not shown) via an output OUT, the ASIC being designed to determine the above-mentioned propagation time. On being subjected to a mechanical action, e.g. an ultrasound wave, the transducer delivers an analog signal referred to as a “receive” signal V_(IN). This signal comprises a series of characteristic oscillations of amplitude that begins by increasing over a plurality of periods, then remains constant, and finally decreases over subsequent periods as shown in FIG. 3. The value of the voltage corresponding to a maximum amplitude is referred to as the “peak” voltage V_(PK).

The threshold voltage V_(TH) is proportional to the peak voltage _(PK) of the receive signal such that V_(TH)=K×V_(PK). The factor K depends on the transducer and it can be determined, for example, by calculation by taking the mean of the amplitudes of two successive oscillations in the receive signal, for example the first two oscillations.

The conditioned output signal V_(OUT) takes on a first state when the voltage of the receive signal V_(IN) is greater than the threshold voltage V_(TH) and a second state when the peak voltage V_(PK) of the receive signal is less than the threshold voltage V_(TH).

In addition, the receive signal V_(IN) proper is usually superposed on an offset voltage V_(OF) which is constant over a duration corresponding to measuring propagation time but which is liable to vary over a plurality of measurements as a function of parameters such as temperature or power supply voltage to the detector device as a whole, for example. It is advantageous to take account of the exact value of this voltage and thus to process the offset voltage so as to ensure that these variations do not disturb V_(TH), Thus, the method includes additional steps consisting in determining the offset voltage V_(OF) at the output from the transducer prior to measuring the receive signal V_(IN), and then in subtracting the value of the offset voltage V_(OF) from the receive signal V_(IN) prior to the step of determining the threshold voltage V_(TH).

FIG. 1 shows the malfunction detector device in a first embodiment of the invention in which the offset voltage is not processed.

The conditioning circuit 1 comprises a selector 10 and a comparator 20. The selector 10 has a first input connected to the input IN receiving the receive signal, and it has a second input receiving the value of the predetermined reference voltage V_(REF). The selector has two functions, one of these functions being to output a threshold voltage V_(TH) which is servo-controlled to the peak value V_(PK) of the receive signal V_(IN), while the other function is to supply an output AL with a malfunction detection signal V_(AL) whenever the peak amplitude V_(PK) of the receive signal is below a predetermined reference voltage V_(REF). The comparator 20 also has a first input connected to the input IN receiving the receive signal, and a second input connected to the selector 10 receiving the threshold voltage V_(TH). The output from the comparator 20 constitutes the output OUT from the conditioning circuit 1 and generates the conditioned output signal V_(OUT).

A first variant of the malfunction detector device described with reference to FIG. 1 is of the analog type and is shown in FIG. 1A. In this variant, the selector 10 has a peak detector 11, a peak limiter 13, a sample-and-hold circuit 15, a first comparator 19, and a potentiometer divider 17. The peak detector 11 is directly connected to the input IN and receives the receive signal V_(IN). Its function is to store the value of the maximum voltage through which the receive signal passes. The peak limiter 13 is connected to the output of the peak detector 11. It serves to eliminate interference from the receive signal V_(IN), and in particular it outputs a zero signal whenever the peak detector has detected only noise, and it eliminates peaks of large amplitude which do not correspond to the signal of interest. The peak limiter 13 is followed by a sample-and-hold circuit 15 whose function is to store the peak amplitude of the receive signal V_(PK) until the next time a signal is received. The sample-and-hold circuit 15 is connected to the first comparator 19 and to the potentiometer divider 17. The first comparator 19 has a second input receiving the reference voltage V_(REF) and on an output AL it generates a malfunction detection signal V_(AL) when the peak amplitude of the receive signal V_(PK) is less than the reference voltage V_(REF). The potentiometer divider 17 outputs the threshold voltage V_(TH). The output from the potentiometer divider 17 is connected to the second comparator 21 which receives the threshold voltage V_(TH). The comparator 21 has a second input on which it receives the receive signal V_(IN) and on its output OUT it generates the conditioned output signal V_(OUT).

In a second variant of digital type, as shown in FIG. 1B, the malfunction detector device has a peak detector 111, an analog-to-digital converter 113, a programmer 115, and a programmable comparator 221. The peak detector 111 is connected to the input IN where it receives the receive signal V_(IN). The analog-to-digital converter 113 is connected to the output of the peak detector 111. It serves to digitize the receive signal V_(IN). It is followed by the programmer 115 which has a second input receiving the reference voltage V_(REF). On the output AL, the programmer generates the malfunction detection signal V_(AL) whenever the peak amplitude of the receive signal V_(PK) is less than the reference voltage V_(REF), and it also generates the program threshold voltage V_(TH). The programmer 115 is connected to the programmable comparator 221 by a data bus 118. The programmable comparator 221 compares the signal applied to its input with the programmed threshold voltage V_(TH) applied via the data bus 118, and it generates the conditioned output signal V_(OUT).

To perform the function of the programmer 115, it is advantageous to use a demultiplexer or a microcontroller.

FIG. 2 shows the malfunction detector device constituting a second embodiment of the invention, including processing of the offset voltage.

The conditioning circuit 1 comprises a selector 10, a comparator 20, and a unit 30 for determining the offset voltage. The unit 30 for determining the offset voltage is connected to the input IN of the conditioning circuit 1. Before the beginning of each reception of an ultrasound wave, said unit samples and stores the offset voltage V_(OF). The selector 10 has a first input connected to the input IN receiving the receive signal, a second input receiving the value of the offset voltage V_(OF), and a third input receiving the value of the reference voltage V_(REF). The selector 10 outputs firstly a threshold voltage V_(TH) servo-controlled to the peak amplitude V_(PK) of the receive signal V_(IN), and secondly a malfunction detection signal V_(AL) whenever the peak amplitude of the receive signal V_(PK) is less than a predetermined reference voltage V_(REF). The comparator 20 has a first input connected to the input IN receiving the receive signal, a second input connected to the selector receiving the threshold voltage V_(TH), and a third input receiving the value of the offset voltage V_(OF). The output from the comparator constitutes the output OUT of the conditioning circuit 1 and generates the conditioned output signal V_(OUT).

A first variant of the malfunction detector device described with reference to FIG. 2 is of analog type and is shown in FIG. 2A. In this variant, the unit 30 for determining the offset voltage comprises a first sample-and-hold circuit 31 receiving the receive signal V_(IN) and serving to determine and store the offset voltage V_(OF) present before the beginning of receiving an ultrasound wave. The selector 10 has a peak detector 11, a subtracter 12, a peak limiter 13, a sample-and-hold circuit 15, a first comparator 19, and a potentiometer divider 17. The peak detector 11 is connected to the input IN and receives the receive signal V_(IN). The subtracter 12 connected to the output of the peak detector 11 and to the output of the first sample-and-hold circuit 31 is designed to subtract the offset voltage V_(OF) from the signal output by the peak detector 11. The peak limiter 13 is connected to the output of the subtracter 12. It serves to eliminate interference from the receive signal V_(IN), in particular it outputs a zero signal when the peak detector is detecting noise only, and it eliminates large amplitude peaks which do not correspond to the signal of interest. The peak limiter 13 is followed by a sample-and-hold circuit 15 whose function is to store the peak amplitude of the receive signal V_(PK) until the following signal is received. The sample-and-hold circuit 15 is connected to the first comparator 19 and to the potentiometer divider 17. The first comparator 19 has a second input receiving the reference voltage V_(REF) and has an output AL on which it generates a malfunction detection signal V_(AL) whenever the peak amplitude of the receive signal V_(PK) is less than the reference voltage V_(REF). The potentiometer divider 17 outputs the threshold voltage V_(TH).

The comparator 20 comprises an analog adder 22 connected to the output from the potentiometer divider 17 and to the first sample-and-hold circuit 31. The analog adder 22 sums the offset voltage V_(OF) and the threshold voltage V_(TH). A second comparator 21 having a first input connected to the output of said adder 22 and a second input receiving the receive signal V_(TH) generates the conditioned output signal V_(OUT) in a first state when the amplitude of the receive signal is greater than the sum of the voltages, and in a second state when the amplitude of the receive signal is less than the sum of the voltages.

In a second variant that is of the digital type, and as shown in FIG. 2B, the malfunction detector device comprises a sample-and-hold circuit 301, a peak detector 111, a subtracter 112, an analog-to-digital converter 113, a programmer 115, and a programmable comparator 221. The sample-and-hold circuit 301 receives the receive signal V_(IN), determining and storing the offset voltage present prior to the beginning of receiving an ultrasound wave. The peak detector 111 is connected to the input IN from which it receives the receive signal V_(IN). The subtracter 112 connected to the output of the peak detector 111 and to the output of the first sample-and-hold circuit 301 is designed to subtract the offset voltage V_(OF) from the signal output by the peak detector 111. The analog-to-digital converter 113 is connected to the output from the subtracter 112. It is designed to digitize the receive signal V_(IN). It is followed by the programmer 115 which has a second input receiving the reference voltage V_(REF), At the output AL, the programmer generates the malfunction detection signal V_(AL) when the peak amplitude of the receive signal V_(PK) is less than the reference voltage V_(REF), and it also generates a programmed threshold voltage V_(TH). The programmer 115 is connected to the programmable comparator 221 via a data bus 118. The programmable comparator 221 compares the signals applied to its two inputs and adds thereto the programmed threshold voltage V_(TH) as delivered by the bus 118. In this manner, said comparator 221 generates the conditioned output signal V_(OUT).

To implement the function of the programmer 115, it is advantageous to use a demultiplexer or a microcontroller.

FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing the various steps in the method in the first embodiment of the invention, i.e. without processing the offset voltage.

Initially the reference voltage V_(REF) is equal to a first reference voltage V_(REF1) (step a).

The peak amplitude V_(PK) of the receive signal V_(IN) output by the transducer is measured (step b). This signal comprises a series of characteristic oscillations of amplitude that begins by growing over several periods, after which it is constant, with the value of the voltage corresponding to a maximum amplitude being referred to as the peak voltage V_(PK), and finally it decreases over the following periods. The peak amplitude V_(PK) is compared with the reference voltage V_(REF1) as determined above (step c).

When the peak amplitude V_(PK) of the receive signal is less than the level of the reference voltage V_(REF1) an alarm signal V_(AL) is generated (step d). This first signal is generated while the transducer is still delivering a receive signal that can be used by the measurement electronics, but it nevertheless constitutes a first warning of future malfunction. Under such circumstances, the reference voltage V_(REF) is modified and goes from the first reference voltage V_(REF1) to a second reference voltage V_(REFS) (step e).

When the peak amplitude V_(PK) of the receive signal is greater than the level of the reference voltage V_(REF), a threshold voltage V_(TH) proportional to the peak amplitude V_(PK) of the receive signal is determined (step f). The threshold voltage V_(TH) is defined in such a manner that V_(TH)=K×V_(PK), where K is a factor that depends on the transducer.

The receive signal V_(IN) is compared with the threshold voltage V_(TH) as determined during the preceding step (step g). A conditioned output signal V_(OUT) is then generated, said signal being in a first state when the receive signal V_(IN) is greater than the threshold voltage V_(TH) (step h), and in a second state when the receive signal V_(IN) is lower than the threshold voltage V_(TH) (step i). This conditioned signal is shown in FIG. 3.

When the reference voltage V_(REF) is equal to the second reference voltage V_(REF2), and if the peak amplitude V_(PK) of the receive signal is less than the reference voltage level V_(REF2), then another alarm signal V_(AL) is generated (step d). The second alarm signal is generated when the transducer is no longer delivering a receive signal that is genuinely usable by the measurement electronics. The method is then locked in a loop constituted by a succession of steps c, d, and e until the malfunction has been repaired by a maintenance team enabling the method to return to step a.

In a variant embodiment (not shown in FIG. 4), the malfunction detection method has two additional steps which consist firstly in determining an offset voltage V_(OF) at the output from the transducer prior to measuring the receive signal V_(IN) (step b), and secondly in subtracting the value of the offset voltage V_(OF) from the receive signal V_(IN) prior to the step of determining the threshold voltage V_(TH) (step f). 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of detecting malfunction such as clogging or aging in an ultrasound flowmeter, said flowmeter having at least one transducer, said method also enabling a conditioned signal to be generated from an analog signal from said transducer, the method comprising the following steps: measuring the receive signal V_(IN) output by the transducer; and comparing a characteristic of the receive signal with a predetermined reference characteristic V_(REF); said method being characterized in that it comprises the following additional steps: storing a peak voltage V_(PK) of the receive signal V_(IN); generating an alarm signal V_(AL) when a trigger characteristic V_(DEC) of the receive signal V_(IN) is less than the predetermined reference characteristic V_(REF); defining a threshold voltage V_(TH) proportional to the peak amplitude V_(PK) of the receive signal in such a manner that V_(TH)=K×V_(PK), K being a factor depending on the transducer; comparing the receive signal V_(IN) with the threshold voltage V_(TH); and generating a conditioned output signal V_(OUT) in a first state when the receive signal V_(IN) is greater than the threshold voltage V_(TH), and in a second state when the receive signal V_(IN) is less than the threshold voltage V_(TH).
 2. A method of detecting malfunction of a flowmeter according to claim 1, the method being characterized in that the reference characteristic V_(REF) is a voltage, and the trigger characteristic V_(DEC) is the peak voltage V_(PK) of the receive signal V_(IN).
 3. A method of detecting malfunction of a flowmeter according to claim 1, characterized in that the reference characteristic V_(REF) is a derivative of voltage, and the trigger characteristic V_(DEC) is a derivative of the peak voltage V_(PK) of the receive signal V_(IN).
 4. A method of detecting malfunction of a flowmeter according to claim 1, characterized in that the receive signal V_(IN) output by the transducer is used simultaneously for generating the alarm signal V_(AL), the conditioned output signal V_(OUT), and for defining the threshold voltage V_(TH).
 5. A method of detecting malfunction of a flowmeter according to claim 1, characterized in that the reference voltage V_(REF) is initially equal to a first reference voltage V_(REF1), which is selected in such a manner that the alarm signal is generated before the transducer ceases to supply any receive signal, said reference voltage V_(REF) being equal to a second reference voltage V_(REF2) as soon as a first alarm signal V_(AL) is generated, the second reference voltage V_(REF2) being selected in such a manner that a second alarm signal is generated when the transducer ceases to supply any receive signal.
 6. A method of detecting malfunction of a flowmeter according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes the following additional steps: determining an offset voltage V_(OF) at the output from the transducer prior to measuring the receive signal V_(IN); and subtracting the value of the offset voltage V_(OF) from the receive signal V_(IN) before the step of determining the threshold voltage V_(TH).
 7. A method of detecting malfunction of a flowmeter according to claim 1, characterized in that the factor K is determined by calculation, taking the average of the amplitudes of two successive oscillations in the receive signal.
 8. A device for detecting malfunction such as clogging or aging of an ultrasound flowmeter, said flowmeter comprising at least one transducer delivering a receive signal V_(IN), said device also serving to generate a conditioned signal from an analog signal delivered by said transducer, the device comprising: a conditioning circuit (1) for conditioning the receive signal and comprising an input IN connected to the transducer and an output OUT delivering a conditioned output signal V_(OUT); the device being characterized in that the conditioning circuit further comprises: a selector (10) having one input connected to the input IN, and receiving on another input the value of the predetermined reference voltage VREF, said selector delivering at its output a threshold voltage V_(TH) servo-controlled to the receive signal V_(IN), and at an output AL a malfunction detection signal V_(AL) when the peak amplitude of the receive signal V_(PK) is less than a predetermined reference voltage V_(REF); and a comparator (20) having a first input connected to the input IN to receive the receive signal V_(IN) and a second input connected to the selector to receive the threshold voltage V_(TH), an output from the comparator constituting the output OUT of the conditioning circuit generating a conditioned output signal V_(OUT) that is in a first state when the amplitude of the receive signal is greater than the value of the threshold voltage, and in a second state when the amplitude of the receive signal is less than the value of the threshold voltage V_(TH).
 9. A device for detecting malfunction of a flowmeter according to claim 8, the device being characterized in that: the selector (10) comprises: a peak detector (11) receiving the receive signal V_(IN); a peak limiter (13) connected to the output of the peak detector (11) and designed to eliminate interference from the receive signal V_(IN); a sample-and-hold circuit (15) connected to the peak limiter (13) and designed to store the peak amplitude V_(PK) of the receive signal V_(IN); a first comparator (19) connected to the output of the sample-and-hold circuit (15) having a second input receiving the reference voltage V_(REF) and generating on an output AL the malfunction detection signal V_(AL) when the peak amplitude of the receive signal V_(PK) is less than the reference voltage V_(REF); a potentiometer divider (17) connected to the output of the sample-and-hold circuit (15) to deliver the threshold voltage V_(TH); and the comparator (20) comprises a second comparator (21) connected to the output of the potentiometer divider (17) an having a second input receiving the receive signal V_(IN) and generating the conditioned output signal V_(OUT) in a first state when the amplitude of the receive signal is greater than the value of the threshold voltage, and in a second state when the amplitude of the receive signal is less than the value of the threshold voltage.
 10. A device for detecting malfunction of a flowmeter according to claim 8, characterized in that: the selector (10) comprises: a peak detector (113) receiving the receive signal V_(IN); an analog-digital converter (113) connected to the output of the peak detector (111); a programmer (115) connected to the converter (113) and receiving on a second input the reference voltage V_(REF), said programmer generating on an output AL the malfunction detection signal V_(AL) when the peak amplitude of the receive signal V_(PK) is less than the reference voltage V_(REF), and also delivering a programmed threshold voltage V_(TH); and the comparator (20) comprises a programmable comparator (221) whose threshold voltage V_(TH) is defined by the programmer (115) via a data bus (118) and which has another input receiving the receive signal V_(IN), said programmer comparator generating the conditioned output signal V_(OUT) in a first state when the amplitude of the receive signal is greater than the value of the threshold voltage, and in a second state when the amplitude of the receive signal is less than the value of the threshold voltage V_(TH).
 11. A device for detecting malfunction of a flowmeter according to claim 10, characterized in that the programmer (115) is a demultiplexer.
 12. A device for detecting malfunction of a flowmeter according to claim 10, characterized in that the programmer (115) is a microcontroller.
 13. A device for detecting malfunction of a flowmeter according to claim 8, characterized in that it further comprises a unit (30) for determining the offset voltage V_(OF) connected to the input IN of the conditioning circuit (1), the output of said unit being connected to an input of the selector (10) and to an input of the comparator (20).
 14. A device for detecting malfunction of a flowmeter according to claim 13, characterized in that: the unit (30) for determining the offset voltage V_(OF) comprises a first sample-and-hold circuit (31) receiving the receive signal V_(IN) and designed to store the offset voltage V_(OF); the selector (10) comprises: a peak detector (11) receiving the receive signal V_(IN); a subtracter (12) connected to the output of the peak detector (11) and to the output of the first sample-and-hold circuit (31), designed to subtract the offset voltage V_(OF) from the output signal of the sample-and-hold circuit; a peak limiter (13) connected to the output of the subtracter (12) and designed to eliminate interference from the receive signal V_(IN); a second sample-and-hold circuit (15) connected to the peak limiter (13) and designed to store the peak amplitude V_(PK) of the receive signal V_(IN); a first comparator (19) connected to the output of the sample-and-hold circuit (15), having a second input receive the reference voltage V_(REF) and having an output AL on which it generates the malfunction detection signal V_(AL) when the peak amplitude of the receive signal V_(PK) is less than the reference voltage V_(REF); a potentiometer divider (17) connected to the output of the sample-and-hold circuit (15) to deliver the threshold voltage V_(TH); and the comparator (20) has an analog adder (22) connected to the output of the potentiometer divider (17) and to the first sample-and-hold circuit (31) and summing the offset voltage V_(OF) and the threshold voltage V_(TH), and a second comparator (21) connected via a first input to the output of said adder (22) and receiving on a second input the receive signal V_(IN), said comparator (21) generating the conditioned output signal V_(OUT) in a first state when the amplitude of the receive signal is greater than the value of the sum of the voltages, and in a second state when the amplitude of the receive signal is less than the value of the sum of the voltages.
 15. A device for detecting malfunction of a flowmeter according to claim 13, characterized in that: the unit (30) for determining the offset voltage V_(OF) comprises: a sample-and-hold circuit (301) receiving the receive signal V_(IN) and designed to store the offset voltage V_(OF); the selector (10) comprises: a peak detector (111) receiving the receive signal V_(IN); a subtracter (112) connected to the output of the peak detector (111) and to the output of the sample-and-hold circuit (301), and designed to subtract the offset voltage V_(OF) from the output signal of the sample-and-hold circuit; an analog-to-digital converter (113) connected to the output of the subtracter (112); a programmer (115) connected to the converter (113) and receiving on a second input the reference voltage V_(REF), said programmer having.an output AL on which it generates the malfunction detection signal V_(AL) when the peak amplitude of the receive signal V_(PK) is less than the reference voltage V_(REF), and also generating a programmed threshold voltage V_(TH); and the comparator (20) comprises a programmable comparator (221) whose threshold voltage V_(TH) is defined by the programmer (115) via a data bus (ll8) and which receives the receive signal V_(IN) on one input and the offset voltage V_(OF) from the sample-and-hold circuit (301) on another input, said programmable comparator generating the conditioned output signal V_(OUT) in a first state when the amplitude of the receive signal is greater than the value of the threshold voltage, and in a second state when the amplitude of the receive signal is less than the value of the threshold voltage V_(TH).
 16. A device for detecting malfunction of a flowmeter according to claim 15, characterized in that the programmer (115) is a demultiplexer.
 17. A device for detecting malfunction of a flowmeter according to claim 15, characterized in that the programmer (115) is a microcontroller. 